Turbine.



W. FRITZ.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 7,1907. 91 6,433 Patented Mar. 30, 1909.

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W. FRITZ.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUQ.7,1907. 91 6,433 Patented Mar. 30, 1909.

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W. FRITZ.

TURBINE. APPLICATION nun men, 190". 91 6,433 Patented Mar. 30, 1909. a sums-sum a. 11 H l I I I r" In l 1 "l/ I" v I I y g 1 y l n1 1 I l 1 0 1 l r .1 H y M 3 1 w v i? I I i W/tness'es:

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subject of the Emperor UNITED WALTHER FRITZ, OF BERLIN,

PATENT. OFFICE.

GERMANY, ASSIGNOR To GENERAL ELEo'rRIo OOMPANY,,A

CORPORATION OF NEW YOrtK.

TURBINE.

No. 916,433. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented. March 30, 1909.

1907. Serial No. 387,547.

Application filed August 7,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WAL'rnEa Fiurz,

ofGrermany, residin etB'ei-lin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to the construction of elastic fluid turbinesand more especially-to those intended for marine propulsion wherein sets of forward driving and reversing buckets are provided whereby the vessel maybe propelled in a forward or reverse'direc'tion as desired.

The object of my invention the construction of turbines mentioned type.

-For a consideration of what I believe to be novel and" my invention, attention is directed to the accompanying specification and .to the claims appended thereto.

In the accompanying drawings which are illustrative of one of the embodiments of is to improve of the above my invention, Figured is a side elevation of bine an the high pressure end of the turbinewith the upper portion in section, Fig. 2 1s a side elevation of the low pressure and reversing portion of the same'turbine with the upper portion in section; and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the rotor.

The casing of the turbine is divided on an axial plane into two principal parts, 1 and 2. Each. of these parts is further divided into sections in planes perpendicular to the axis for convenience in installing the same onboard ship and also to facilitate manufacture and transportation. For example,'each half of the casing is divided into a high pressure section 3, a low pressure section 4,

and a reversing section 5. The lower half of the casin is provided with flanges 6 that rest on 'an are secured to the foundation supported by the frame of theship; Mounted 'at the ends of the casinmare self-alining shaft bearings 7 and 8. 6n the high pressure'end is provided a thrust bearing 9 to take u the thrust on the main shaft. The pro el er, not shown, is mounted on the she. t at thelow pressure end. Usually a couplin will be inserted between the turthe port-ion of the shaft carrying the propeller. Adjacent each bearing and driven by the main shaft are pumps 10 and 11 for supplying-lubricant to the bearings under pressure.

Located in the high pressureendof the casing are diaphragmsl2 which divide it into compartments or stages, each compartment containinga wheel 13 havingrows of wheel buckets .l tactin by impact. Between the rows of wheel uckets are rows of intermediate buckets 15 the arc of the wheel covered by the intermediates increasing from the high toward the low pressure end of the turbine. As arranged the first four stages are provided with a greater number of rows of wheel buckets than are the subsequent jet stages. Steam or other elastic fluid is adn iitted under high pressure to the first wheel by the sectionalized expanding nozzle 16 from the conduit 17 in the steam chest. Between each' of the subsequent jet or impact stages are stage nozzles'18 carried by the diaphragms. These nozzles may be expanding ornon-expanding in character, usually the latter, in order to have relatively low fluid yelocities.

casing are conduits 19, 20 and 21 whereby the earlier stages may be shunted or rendered ineffective under certain conditions.

In the lowpressure portion of the turbine the motive fluid acts b reaction, and for this reason the intermec iate buckets extend entirely around the rotating element, and all of the buckets on the latter are consequently active. The low pressure plortion of the easin 4% is also provided wit an exhaust conduit 22that is common to both the forward and reversing buckets. A part of the vconduit is formed in the lower half of the easing and the remainder in the upper portion, the discharge opening being at the top.

- It is to be noted thatthe later or low pressure rows of buckets for forward driving and reversing extend well into the exhaust conduit, the object being to reduce the axial dimension of the turbine and also to mount the stationary or V intermediate buckets 1n this portion of the turbmeon annular flanges 23 andQA formed on the easprovide for an iinobstructed. exhaust. I

tion to a minimum but they ported from the walls of the conduit if deing which extend toward each other. These flanges are usually unsupported at their adjacent ends to reduce troubles due to distormay be sup- .of the latter being mounted on the support of smaller diameter, than that of" the jet stages.

Steam or other elastic fluid is admitted to the reversing buckets by a chest that covers something less than the full circumference of the first wheel. -This chest discharges fluid to the sectionalized nozzle 26.

Between the stage or wheel compartments and supported by the diaphragms 27 are sectionalized stagenozzles 28. The admission and stage nozzles may be expanding or non-expanding in character. These nozzles are set in the reverse direction to those in the forward driving portion of the turbine, and so also are the buckets of the high and low pressure reversing stages.

- and 31.

It is evident that the construction of the rotating element of the turbine must be such that it will be exceedingly-stiff to resist the whipping action to which structures of this kind are subjected, and also that it must be as light as possible consistent with the work to be performed. To this end the shaft is made up of three principal section's 29,30 The section 29 is made hollow and the diameter increases step-by-step toward the low pressure end. The intermediate section 30 is composed of a cylinder having inturned flanges 32 which are bored to re ceive shoulders 33 on the outer shaft sections. These shoulders serve to center the parts and to assist in holding them together. Adjacent the inturned flanges on the cylinder are outturned flanges 34- on the outer shaft sections through which clamping bolts pass into the flanges 32. The shaft section- 31 is substantially the samein construction as the section 29 except that it is shorter. The steps on section 29 are long enough to receive the hubs of two wheels, and in some instances three. Around the hubs and'between them and the bores of the diaphragm are packings 35. the shaft by nuts which force against shoulders thereon.

Surrounding the cylinder section 30 of the shaft is a drum composed of two'principal parts 36 and 37. Part 36 is provided with an internal flange 38 that is engaged by a spider 39, thelatter being shouldered to assist in holding the parts in place and is seated with a drivin fit on the cylinder 30. Bolts are employe to secure the flange the hubs up The wheels are secured to 38 to the spider. On the right hand or high hand end is flared outwardly to form allange 42 which supports the adjacent end of the part 36, suitable bolts being provided which pass therethrough: Onthe left hand end of the part 37. is a flange which supports the ring 43,'the latter carrying the wheel buckets of the last of the jet stages of the reversing portion of the turbine. It Wlll thus be seen that the drum carries not only the buckets of the low pressure annular stages both forward and reversing but also the. wheel buckets of a forward and a reversing jet stage.

Actual practice has demonstrated that the construction shown isv very eflicient and reliable in operation, and that the tendency of the shaft to whip is so far eliminated that it can be disregarded and small clearances between the relatively rotating parts employed. The arrangement of the drum and the cylindrical portion of the shaft is such that an exceedingly stiff construction is provided, one portion forming an annular truss for bracing the other. i

It is to be understood that in so far as many of the features of my invention are concerned, and particularly of the low pressure stages, it isimmaterial whether ,the buckets operate on theimpact or on the reaction principle,-or' partially on the impact and partially on the reaction principle.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the princlple of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I'now consider to represent the best embodiment thereofabut I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means. I

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is, v

1. In a rotor foran elastic 'fluid turbine, the combination of a shaft comprising a central tubular section and end section's secured thereto, a drum mounted on'and surrounding the tubular section,'buckets mounted on the drum, and individual bucket carrying wheels mounted on said end sections.

2. In a rotorv foran elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a shaft comprising a central section and end sections secured to said central section, bucket wheels mounted on one end section for driving the shaft forward, bucket wheels mounted on the-other end section for driving the shaft in the reverse direction, a druni surrounding the central section, and sets of buckets mounted on the drum, one set being arranged for forward driving and another for reversing.

3. In a rotor for an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a shaft, bucket wheels mounted on one end of the shaft for driving it in one direction, bucket. wheels mounted on the other end of the shaft for driving it in the op osite direction, a drum surrounding the siiaft and carried thereby, a set of buckets mounted on the drum for driving theshaft in one direction, a second set of buckets mounted on the drum for driving the shaft in'the opposite direction, one set of bucket wheels and a set of buckets on the drum discharging motive fluid in one direction and the remainin bucket wheels and a set of buckets on the drum discharging mo- ,tive fluid in the opposite direction.

4. In a rotor foran elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a shaft, bucket wheels acting by impact mounted on one end of the shaft, a second set of bucket wheels also acting by impact and mounted on the opposite end of the shaft, a drum mounted on the shaft, buckets actin by impact mountedon the drum, and other uckets also mounted on the drum which act by reaction.

5. In a'rotor'for an elastic fiuid turbine, the combination of a shaft made up of sections secured together, a drum surrounding one of said sections, spiders carried by the shaft for supporting the drum at its ends, a set of forward driving buckets mountedon one end of the drum, and a set of reversing buckets mounted on the other end.

6. In a rotor for an elastic fluid turbine the combination of a shaft comprising tubular and end sections, the said end sections increasing in diameter step-by-step toward the tubular section, bucket wheels mounted on the end sections of the shaft, a drum which surrounds the said tubular section,

spiders carried by the shaft which support v the combination of a shaft, a drum mount ed thereon, sets of buckets mounted thereon which operate on the reaction principle, flanges on opposite ends of the drum, and a set of buckets carried by each of said flanges that operateon the iiiipact principle.

'8.- Ina rotor for an elastic fluid turbine,

' the combination of a shaft having an intermediate cylindrical section and end sections attached thereto, a drum mounted on and i surroundingsaid intermediate section, said d'rumbeing composed of two principal parts which differ in diameter, a set of forward ed on the tubular section for supporting thedrum, oppositely disposedsets of buckets mounted on the drum, and forward driving 'and reversing buckets mounted on the end sections of the shaft and supplying motive fluid to the buckets on the drum.

10. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casing comprising high, low pressure and reversing sections, diaphragn'is in the high pressure and reversing sections to divide the same into jet stages of expan sion, bucket wheels for the ct stages, certain of the high pressure stages having a greater number of rows of buckets than the other jet stages, ashaft, a drum carried thereby, and sets of buckets mounted thereon to form with cooperating intermediate buckets annular stages working on the reaction p"rin ciple, one set bein arranged to drive the shaft forwardand t e other to reverse it.

11. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casing divided into high, low

ressure and reversing sections, diaphragms or dividing the high pressure and reversing sections into compartments, bucket wheels mounted in the compartments, a drum mounted in the low pressure section, for- Ward driving and reversing buckets mounted on the drum, and buckets also carried by the drum which extend into the high pressure and reversing sections and cooperate therewith to produce rotation of the shaft.

12. In a turbine, the combination of a drum, buckets mounted thereon and arranged in sets, one for forward driving and the other for reversing, a casing forthe drum having an exhaust that is common to both sets of buckets, flanges carried by the casing that extend toward each other and into.the conduit, intermediate buckets carried thereby, and a plurality of jet stages located on opposite ends of the drum and arranged when in operationto discharge the exhaust therefrom to the drum buckets.

13. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of jet sta es for forward driving and reversing, annul ar low pressure stages 'for forward driving and reversing, and a drum which is common to all of the annular 10w ressure stages and also carries buckets'beonging to a portion of the jet stages.

14. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a casing which is divided by diaphragms' at opposite ends into stages or carrying drums, one of which receives mowheel compartments, bucket oarrying wheels tween the drums and recei ving the exhaust in .the stages, oppositely disposed bucket fluid from both. i In. witness whereof, I have hereunto. set.

' tive flulcl from the wheel. or wheels at one my hand this 233 day of July, 1907 end of the casing'and another of which re- WALTHER FRITZ 1 ceives motive fluid from the wheel orwheels Witnesses: at the other end of the casing, and an ex- JULrUs-RUMLA'No, haust conduit opening into the space be- KARL RICKEBEN. 

